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Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Learn about zero-knowledge proofs and their applications in blockchain.
5 Questions~3 min2,000 Bits1,000 XP
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- 01
Zero-Knowledge Proofs
A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic method that allows one party (the prover) to prove to another party (the verifier) that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the validity of the statement itself.
- 02
Types of ZK Proofs
- zk-SNARKs: Succinct Non-interactive Arguments of Knowledge. Small proof size and fast verification, but require a trusted setup ceremony. Used by Zcash.
- zk-STARKs: Scalable Transparent Arguments of Knowledge. Larger proofs but no trusted setup required. Quantum-resistant. Used by StarkNet.
- PLONK: A universal and updatable trusted setup that can be used for any circuit, reducing the need for ceremony per application.
- 03
Blockchain Applications
- ZK-Rollups: Use ZK proofs to verify batched transactions off-chain before posting to L1 (zkSync, StarkNet, Polygon zkEVM)
- Privacy: Prove you own enough tokens for a transaction without revealing your balance (Zcash shielded transactions)
- Identity: Prove you are over 18 without revealing your date of birth
- Voting: Prove you voted without revealing who you voted for
- 04
Key Properties
- Completeness: A true statement will always be accepted
- Soundness: A false statement will (almost) always be rejected
- Zero-Knowledge: The verifier learns nothing beyond the truth of the statement
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5 Questions · 2,000 Bits + 1,000 XP
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What will I learn in this crypto quiz?
Each quiz focuses on a specific cryptocurrency topic. Read the lesson first to learn the key concepts, then test your understanding with graded multiple-choice questions.